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AVID Visitor Handbook
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  • Welcome
  • Introduction
    • About AVID
    • About this Handbook
  • Getting started as a visitor
    • Introduction
      • Why Visit People in Detention
      • The Role of a Visitor
      • Joining a visitor group
    • Practicalities of visiting
      • Models of visiting
      • Booking a social visit
      • What to expect on arrival
      • What to expect in a visiting room
      • What to expect in prisons
      • How do people in detention find out about visitors?
    • Visiting Skills
      • Being worthy of trust
      • Empathetic listening
      • Demonstrating independence
      • Boundaries and safeguarding
    • What issues might someone raise and what can I do?
    • Step-by-step: Before, during and after a visit
    • Find a visitor group
    • Useful organisations
    • Visitor wellbeing
  • Who can be detained
    • Introduction
    • Who, Why, When
    • Decisions to Detain
    • Lawfulness of Detention
    • People considered unsuitable for detention
    • Demographics
  • Immigration Detention in the UK: Essential Legislation, Policy and Guidance
    • Introduction
    • Essential Immigration and Asylum Law for Visitors
      • UK legislation on asylum and detention
      • International Framework
      • Claiming asylum in the UK
      • Post Brexit Changes
    • Detention Policy and Guidance
      • Overview and Sources
      • Detention General Instructions
      • Detention Centre and Short-Term Holding Facility Rules
      • Detention Operating Standards
      • Detention Service Orders
      • Prison Service Instructions & Probation Orders
      • Home Office Policy and Guidance
      • What can visitors do?
  • Immigration detention in the prison estate
    • Introduction
    • Legal Framework
    • Why are people detained in the prison estate?
    • History of the use of prisons to detain people held under immigration powers
    • Additional layers of disadvantage
    • Criticisms on the use of Prison for Immigration Detention and Further Reading
    • Organisations offering legal advice & practical help in prisons
  • Legal Advice and Representation
    • Introduction
    • Legal Advice and Representation
      • Why do people in detention need legal advice?
      • What is legal aid and what does it cover?
      • Who can give immigration legal advice?
      • The Legal Aid Agency Detention Duty Advice Scheme in IRCs
      • How do I know if a solicitor is doing a good job?
    • What can visitors do?
      • Finding a legal advisor
      • Finding a legal advisor for a person detained under immigration powers in the prison estate
      • Notify a legal representative that their detained client has been moved to another IRC
      • Help a person in detention to understand what they can reasonably expect of their lawyer
      • Give Information
      • Visitors and legal advisors: constructive relationships
      • Help if there are problems with the current legal representative
      • Acting as a McKenzie Friend
  • Safeguards
    • Introduction
    • Harms of detention: what safeguarding concerns do visitors come across in detention?
      • Deteriorating mental health
      • Worsening of pre-existing health needs
      • Trauma and mental health conditions that are common in detention
      • Failures in continuity of care
      • Mistreatment and abuse
      • Disbelief
      • Suicidal thoughts and self-harm
      • Survivors of torture, human trafficking and modern slavery
      • People who lack decision-making capacity
      • Age disputed children
    • Policy and practice
      • Adults at Risk Policy (AAR)
        • Background to the Adults at Risk Policy
        • Ongoing Criticisms and Developments
        • Present position of the AAR and oversight
      • Healthcare screening, assessment and monitoring
        • Healthcare safeguarding reports: Rule 35 and Rule 32
        • Challenges and concerns about reporting under Rules 32/35
        • Key Points for Visitors
      • The ACDT System
        • Challenges and concerns
      • Use of Segregation
        • Challenges and concerns
      • National Referral Mechanism
        • Challenges and concerns
      • The Mental Capacity Act 2005
        • Challenges and concerns
      • Age Assessments
        • Challenges and concerns
    • A series of case studies
      • Dawit
      • Ali
      • Drita
      • Bao
      • Gabriel
    • What can visitors do
      • Safeguarding Principles
      • Emotional support through empathetic and active listening
      • Worried about someone’s deteriorating mental and physical health
      • Access to Medical Information
      • Support after release
    • Looking after your own wellbeing
    • Useful Organisations
  • Getting out of detention
    • Introduction
    • Immigration Bail Overview
      • Secretary of State Bail
      • Immigration Tribunal Bail
    • Bail addresses and Home Office accommodation
    • Offering financial condition supporters/sureties
    • Refusal of bail and further bail applications
    • Bail with or without a legal advisor
    • Bail for people detained in the prison estate
    • Mandatory electronic monitoring for those facing deportation
    • Bail and removal directions
    • What can visitors do?
    • Life after release
  • Removal, Return, and Deportation
    • Introduction
    • Definitions
    • Being ‘liable to removal’ or ‘liable to deportation’ and Notices
    • Third Country Removals
    • Deportation
    • Getting on the plane
    • Assisted Voluntary Returns Schemes
    • Family Returns Process
    • Consequences of being removed or deported for return to the UK
    • What can visitors do?
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  1. Safeguards
  2. Policy and practice
  3. Healthcare screening, assessment and monitoring

Key Points for Visitors

PreviousChallenges and concerns about reporting under Rules 32/35NextThe ACDT System

Last updated 23 days ago

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Whilst AVID and visitor groups in the AVID network recognise the inherent flaws of these safeguards, they remain an important mechanism for visitors and people in detention to be aware of as the main safeguard in detention and, ultimately, a primary means of release. Visitors play a vital role in making people aware of these safeguards and making sure people in detention understand what to expect and what they can do, as is discussed in the next section of this chapter. It is important for visitors to be aware of these challenges when talking to people in detention about Rule 35/Rule 32 so that they can provide people in detention with an understanding of their rights, what they can expect and what to look out for. It is also important to note that [1] recognises the role of visitors and that they may be able to identify vulnerabilities of the people they are visiting in IRCs. Where a visitor raises a concern about risk to a member of staff then this should lead to notification to the healthcare department and the detention engagement team at the IRC, i.e. the Home Office team responsible for face to face interactions with detained people.

It is also important that visitors support people in detention and work with their co-ordinator to hold the system to account.

Read more about What can visitors do.


[1] Paragraph 44 of the guidance dated 10 January 2025

the guidance that supports the Adults at Risk policy
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Searchable lists of immigration and public law solicitors, and immigration advisors

  • The Immigration Law Practitioner's Association (ILPA) website has a list of members searchable by geographic area via the ‘’ button on their homepage. ILPA’s list allows you to restrict your search to legal aid or free advisors, and to find advisors that can work with clients in particular languages.

  • The Law Society website feature has searchable lists of members operating in England and Wales, including approved immigration legal advisors and public law specialists. See also and .

  • The Immigration Advice Authority, which regulates immigration advice provided by non-solicitors barristers, has a feature on its website which allows you to search the register of accredited advisors.

  • Citizens Advice may be able to help people find solicitors in some cases.

Find immigration advice
Find A Solicitor
The Law Society of Scotland
The Law Society of Northern Ireland
“Adviser Finder”